PARAMETERS OF CONTEMPORARY FATWA IN THE MUSLIM MINORITY COUNTRY
DAWABIT FATWA KONTEMPORARI TERHADAP UMAT ISLAM DI NEGARA MINORITI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64757/alqanatir.2026.3504/1314Keywords:
Fatwa, Parameters, Fundamental, Minorities, SecularAbstract
This article discusses the parameters or fundamental principles in issuing contemporary fatwas, particularly for Muslim minorities residing in non-Muslim countries. Muslim minority communities living in secular nations face various socio-legal and cultural challenges that are significantly different from those experienced by Muslims in majority-Muslim societies. Therefore, fatwa institutions and authoritative muftis must adopt a framework that is aligned with the contemporary realities of these communities. The objective of this study is to identify five key parameters in contemporary fatwa issuance: maqasid al-shariah (as the foundation for assessing public interest or maslahah), i‘tibar al-waqi‘ (consideration of current realities), fiqh al-aqalliyyat (minority fiqh), taysir (facilitation), and ijtihad jama‘i (collective ijtihad). This study also examines the application of these principles by fatwa institutions such as the European Council for Fatwa and Research (ECFR) and the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (MUIS). Employing a qualitative scoping analysis, the study analyzes the content of fatwa literature and resolutions issued by these institutions. The findings show that the application of parameters is essential to ensure that fatwas remain contextually relevant, balanced, and aligned with the higher objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-shariah), while also addressing the evolving needs of Muslim minorities. This research is crucial in reinforcing the legitimacy, consistency, and clarity of contemporary fatwa practices within the context of Muslim minority communities.
Abstrak
Artikel ini membincangkan dawabit atau prinsip-prinsip asas dalam pengeluaran fatwa kontemporari terutamanya bagi umat Islam minoriti yang menetap di negara bukan Islam. Komuniti minoriti Islam yang hidup dalam negara sekular berdepan dengan pelbagai cabaran sosio-perundangan dan budaya yang sangat berbeza berbanding dengan masyarakat Islam majoriti. Oleh itu, institusi fatwa dan para mufti yang berautoriti perlu menggunakan kerangka yang bersesuaian dengan realiti kehidupan semasa mereka. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti lima prinsip utama dawabit dalam pengeluaran fatwa kontemporari iaitu: maqasid syariah, i‘tibar al-waqi‘ (memahami realiti semasa), fiqh al-aqalliyyat (fiqh minoriti), taysir (kemudahan) dan ijtihad jama‘i (ijtihad kolektif). Kajian ini turut meneliti aplikasi dawabit tersebut dalam institusi fatwa seperti European Council for Fatwa Research (ECFR) dan Majlis Ulama Islam Singapura (MUIS). Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif analsis peninjauan dengan menyelusuri kandungan terhadap karya-karya literatur fatwa serta resolusi institusi tersebut. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa aplikasi dawabit sangat penting untuk memastikan fatwa kekal relevan dengan konteks semasa, seimbang dan selaras dengan matlamat utama syariah, serta memenuhi keperluan umat Islam minoriti yang sentiasa berubah. Kajian ini penting dalam mengukuhkan legitimasi, konsistensi dan kejelasan amalan fatwa kontemporari dalam konteks umat Islam minoriti.
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