al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies

CHALLENGES OF ZAKAT DA‘WAH IMPLEMENTATION AT PPZ-MAIWP

Nur Nazira Rahim — 2026-06-28

Zakat da'wah plays a significant role in enhancing Muslims understanding and awareness of their obligation to pay zakat. However, its implementation faces various challenges that may affect the effectiveness of da'wah initiatives. Therefore, this study aims to identify the major challenges in the implementation of zakat da'wah by the Federal Territory Islamic Religious Council Zakat Collection Centre (PPZ-MAIWP). A qualitative approach was employed through semi-structured interviews involving informants directly engaged in the management and implementation of zakat da'wah activities within PPZ-MAIWP. The collected data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed five major challenges in the implementation of zakat da'wah: limited public awareness and understanding of zakat obligations, sceptical perceptions regarding the transparency and credibility of zakat institutions, competition from digital media content that attracts greater public attention, economic factors affecting individuals' ability to fulfil their zakat obligations, and limitations in the enforcement of zakat-related laws. These challenges indicate that the effectiveness of zakat da'wah is influenced not only by communication efforts but also by social, economic, technological, and legal factors. The study recommends strengthening digital communication strategies, enhancing institutional transparency, and expanding strategic collaborations with relevant stakeholders to improve the effectiveness of zakat da'wah initiatives. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by zakat institutions and provides useful insights for developing more effective zakat da'wah strategies in the future.

Abstrak

Dakwah zakat memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kefahaman dan kesedaran masyarakat Islam terhadap kewajipan berzakat. Namun, pelaksanaannya berdepan pelbagai cabaran yang boleh menjejaskan keberkesanan penyampaian mesej dakwah. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti cabaran utama dalam pelaksanaan dakwah zakat oleh Pusat Pungutan Zakat Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (PPZ-MAIWP). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual separa berstruktur yang melibatkan informan daripada PPZ-MAIWP yang terlibat secara langsung dalam pengurusan dan pelaksanaan aktiviti dakwah zakat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti lima cabaran utama dalam pelaksanaan dakwah zakat, iaitu tahap kesedaran dan kefahaman masyarakat yang masih tidak menyeluruh, persepsi skeptikal terhadap ketelusan dan kredibiliti institusi zakat, persaingan dengan pelbagai kandungan digital yang lebih menarik perhatian masyarakat, faktor ekonomi yang mempengaruhi keupayaan individu untuk menunaikan zakat, serta kekangan penguatkuasaan undang-undang berkaitan zakat. Cabaran-cabaran ini menunjukkan bahawa keberkesanan dakwah zakat bukan sahaja bergantung kepada penyampaian maklumat, tetapi turut dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial, ekonomi, teknologi dan perundangan. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar PPZ-MAIWP memperkukuh strategi komunikasi digital, meningkatkan ketelusan institusi serta memperluas kerjasama strategik dengan pelbagai pihak bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan dakwah zakat. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai cabaran pelaksanaan dakwah zakat dan boleh dijadikan rujukan dalam pembangunan strategi dakwah institusi zakat pada masa hadapan.

SYNTHESISING QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES TO CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER IMPACT EVALUATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF ZAKAT DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMMES

Mohd Suffian Mohamed Esa — 2026-06-28

Despite the widespread adoption of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programmes in poverty alleviation initiatives, existing research has primarily focused on impact evaluation rather than the development and validation of behaviour conditionality as a measurable construct. This represents a significant gap, particularly in the context of zakat distribution, where CCT mechanisms remain largely underdeveloped. Therefore, this study examines the quantitative methodological approaches employed in CCT evaluations and identifies methodological gaps relevant to the development of a zakat-based CCT instrument. A systematic literature review was conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering empirical studies published between 2018 and 2025. A total of 46 studies were analysed, with particular attention given to quantitative designs such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), difference-in-differences (DiD), and propensity score matching (PSM). The findings reveal that most studies relied on causal inference techniques to estimate programme impacts through comparisons between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries or by examining changes over time. However, the measurement and validation of behaviour conditionality received limited attention, highlighting a critical methodological gap in the literature. To address this limitation, the study proposes Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) as an appropriate approach for construct validation prior to programme implementation. This study contributes to the literature by shifting the methodological focus from outcome evaluation to construct development in CCT programmes within the context of zakat distribution. It further emphasises the need for theory-driven and empirically validated behaviour conditionality instruments to strengthen programme design and effectiveness. The findings provide practical guidance for zakat institutions and policymakers on the importance of developing structured CCT instruments to address poverty among asnaf populations. Overall, this study identifies a critical methodological gap and establishes a systematic foundation for the future development and evaluation of CCT programmes in zakat distribution.

Abstrak

Sungguhpun program Bantuan Tunai Bersyarat (Conditional Cash Transfer, CCT) digunakan secara meluas dalam program pembasmian kemiskinan, kajian sedia ada lebih menumpukan kepada penilaian impak berbanding pembangunan dan pengesahan syarat tingkah laku (behaviour conditionality) sebagai konstruk yang boleh diukur. Ia merupakan jurang yang amat signifikan dalam konteks agihan zakat di mana mekanisme CCT masih belum dibangunkan secara langsung. Justeru, kajian ini meneliti pendekatan metodologi kuantitatif yang digunakan dalam penilaian CCT serta mengenal pasti jurang metodologi yang relevan untuk pembangunan instrumen CCT berasaskan zakat. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan sistematik berdasarkan pangkalan data Scopus dan Web of Science, melibatkan kajian empirikal yang diterbitkan bagi tempoh 2018 hingga 2025. Sebanyak 46 kajian dianalisis, dengan penekanan kepada reka bentuk kuantitatif seperti percubaan terkawal rawak (randomized controlled trials, RCT), perbezaan dalam perbezaan (difference-in-differences, DiD), dan padanan skor kecenderungan (propensity score matching, PSM). Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan kajian menggunakan kaedah inferens kausal bagi menganggarkan impak program melalui perbandingan antara penerima dan bukan penerima atau melalui analisis perubahan merentas masa. Walau bagaimanapun, aspek pengukuran dan pengesahan syarat tingkah laku masih kurang dibangunkan sekali gus menunjukkan kewujudan jurang metodologi yang kritikal. Kajian ini turut mencadangkan penggunaan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) sebagai pendekatan yang sesuai untuk pengesahan konstruk sebelum pelaksanaan program. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada literatur dengan mengalihkan fokus metodologi daripada penilaian hasil kepada pembangunan konstruk bagi program CCT dalam pengagihan zakat serta menekankan keperluan kerangka instrumen syarat tingkah laku yang berasaskan teori dan disahkan secara empirikal. Selain itu, kajian ini memberikan panduan kepada institusi zakat dan pembuat dasar mengenai kepentingan pembangunan instrumen CCT bagi menyelesaikan masalah kemiskinan asnaf. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini mengenal pasti jurang metodologi yang kritikal dan menyediakan asas yang sistematik bagi pembangunan serta penilaian masa hadapan program CCT dalam pengagihan zakat.

BATINIYYAH-RESEMBLING DOCTRINE IN THE AHMADI RELIGION OF PEACE AND LIGHT (AROPL): AN ANALYSIS THROUGH AL-GHAZĀLĪ’S FAḌĀ’IḤ AL-BĀṬINIYYAH FRAMEWORK

Muhammad Zubair Abd Halim — 2026-06-28

The emergence of new religious movements that claim esoteric authority and promote allegorical interpretations of revealed texts continues to challenge Islamic theological discourse. One contemporary phenomenon that has attracted scholarly attention is the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (AROPL), led by Abdullah Hashem and grounded in the text The Goal of the Wise. Although it is often classified as a new religious movement from a sociological perspective, in-depth analysis of its internal doctrinal structure and theological implications remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the teachings of AROPL using the critical framework developed by Imam al-Ghazālī against the Bāṭiniyyah in his work Faḍā’iḥ al-Bāṭiniyyah, in order to determine whether AROPL represents a continuation of esoteric doctrinal patterns in a modern form. A qualitative approach based on textual analysis and theological comparison is employed, with Faḍā’iḥ al-Bāṭiniyyah serving as the analytical framework and The Goal of the Wise as the primary text. The analysis is conducted at both the level of general characteristics (al-jumlah) and detailed exposition (al-tafṣīl), covering the domains of Ilāhiyyāt (theology), Nubuwwāt (prophethood), Imāmah (leadership), Ma‘ād (eschatology), and Taklīf Syar‘ī (legal obligation). The findings indicate that Abdullah Hashem’s teachings exhibit significant structural parallels with the Bāṭiniyyah patterns critiqued by al-Ghazālī, while the differences observed are largely external and contextual. This study affirms that al-Ghazālī’s critique of the Bāṭiniyyah remains relevant as a framework for analysing contemporary religious phenomena.

Abstrak

Kemunculan gerakan keagamaan baharu yang menampilkan dakwaan autoriti batin dan pentakwilan tersirat terhadap teks wahyu terus mencabar wacana teologi Islam. Antara fenomena kontemporari yang mendapat perhatian ialah The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (AROPL) yang dipimpin oleh Abdullah Hashem dan berteraskan kitab The Goal of the Wise. Walaupun sering dilabel sebagai gerakan agama baharu dari sudut sosiologi, penelitian terhadap struktur dalaman ajaran dan implikasi teologinya masih terbatas. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai ajaran AROPL menggunakan kerangka kritikan Imam al-Ghazālī terhadap Bāṭiniyyah dalam karyanya Faḍā’iḥ al-Bāṭiniyyah bagi menentukan sama ada AROPL mewakili kesinambungan pola ajaran batiniah dalam bentuk moden ataupun tidak. Pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan analisis teks dan perbandingan teologi digunakan, dengan Faḍā’iḥ al-Bāṭiniyyah sebagai kerangka analisis dan The Goal of the Wise sebagai teks primer. Analisis dijalankan pada peringkat ciri-ciri umum (al-jumlah) dan perincian khusus (al-tafṣīl) meliputi aspek Ilāhiyyāt, Nubuwwāt, Imāmah, Ma‘ād dan Taklīf Syar‘ī. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa ajaran Abdullah Hashem memperlihatkan kesepadanan struktur yang signifikan dengan pola Bāṭiniyyah yang dikritik oleh al-Ghazālī, manakala perbezaan yang wujud lebih bersifat luaran dan kontekstual. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa kritikan al-Ghazālī terhadap Bāṭiniyyah kekal relevan sebagai kerangka menilai fenomena keagamaan kontemporari.

WEB-BASED DISCLOSURE REPORTING OF AMIL ZAKAT IN HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS (HLI)

Rohayu Yusop — 2026-06-28

This study examines the role of Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) designated as amil zakāt entities in Malaysia, focusing on their accountability and transparency in managing zakāt funds through web-based disclosures. A disclosure index covering financial, performance, and political accountability dimensions was developed. Data were collected from the official websites and social media platforms (Facebook and Instagram) of 17 HLIs appointed as amil zakāt by Lembaga Zakāt Selangor (LZS). The findings indicate generally low levels of disclosure across the sampled institutions, particularly in financial and political accountability dimensions. Insufficient reporting practices weaken stakeholder trust and undermine institutional credibility. This study contributes to the limited literature on Islamic accountability and web-based disclosure in the context of zakāt fund management by HLIs. It highlights the pressing need for more transparent practices that align with the principles of Islamic accountability and the maqasid al-shariah. The study is limited to HLIs under the jurisdiction of LZS and relies on publicly available online information, which may not fully capture internal accountability mechanisms. Enhancing online disclosure practices could strengthen donors’ confidence, reinforce HLIs’ credibility and support their role in sustainable educational development through zakāt funding.

MUSLIM SCHOLARS VIEWS ON ART AND AESTHETICS IN ISLAM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Irham Zulhilmi Mohd Johan — 2026-06-28

Art and aesthetic is more than just drawings of lines on paper. Art especially in Islam revolves around the concept of beauty, faith and Tawhid, embodiment to Allah SWT as the creator of His vast beautiful creations. Art in Islam also has been discussed by many Muslim scholars such as al-Farabi, al-Ghazali, Ismail al-Faruqi and Seyyed Hossein Nasr. There are three objectives of this study. Firstly, this research aims to identify the opinions on art and Islamic thought, elements, values or manifestations from several Muslim scholars. Secondly, this research aims to analyze the comparisons of views and opinions of art and aesthetics in Islam from the Muslim scholars. Finally, this research aims to explore the similar values and theories regarding art and aesthetics from these scholars in order to find unity from these opinions and views. This study will adapt analytical approach as methodology used for this study. This study also utilizes qualitative method of research which focus on gathering and collecting data from publications such as journals, website, articles, books and other publications materials. Furthermore, this research is significant in understanding Islamic elements and philosophy in art to create artists, especially Muslim artist that encompasses Islamic teachings, and further bring upon knowledge (Hikmah) and beauty with them to be shared to the society.

BI'AH AL-LUGHAWIYAH MODULE TO ENHANCE ARABIC SPEAKING SKILLS AMONG UNISIRAJ STUDENTS: A DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY

Noor Husna Talib — 2026-06-28

The linguistic environment constitutes a fundamental component in foreign language acquisition, particularly in non-native settings where learners have limited opportunities to use the target language beyond the classroom. This study aims to analyze the linguistic needs of students and develop a comprehensive linguistic environment module, titled “Bi’ah Al-Lughawiyyah” (The Linguistic Environment), for diploma and degree students at Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin (UniSIRAJ). The target group comprised students from the Fakulti Pengajian Islam (FPI) and the Fakulti Al-Quran & Sunnah (FQS). Employing the Design and Development Research (DDR) methodology, this study utilized the ADDIE instructional design model, focusing on the Analysis, Design, and Development phases. The needs analysis revealed a clear gap between students’ high motivation to learn and use Arabic and their low level of actual Arabic use in daily campus communication. Specifically, students reported limited opportunities to use Arabic outside the classroom, low confidence in speaking, fear of making mistakes, and a need for practical communicative expressions related to everyday and academic contexts. In response to these findings, the module was designed based on Stephen Krashen’s Input Hypothesis (i+1) and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), integrated with selected values derived from the Prophetic Sunnah to foster a psychologically safe and supportive learning environment. The developed module consists of four interrelated components: psychological and social development, academic empowerment, professional readiness, and comprehensive campus-based practice. Findings from the expert validation phase involving two experts in Arabic language education and instructional material development indicated positive agreement regarding the module’s suitability and relevance to students’ identified needs. The study concludes that the developed module has strong potential to address students’ linguistic needs and support Arabic communicative practice within a structured linguistic environment. Further implementation and evaluation studies are recommended to examine the effectiveness of the module in enhancing Arabic speaking skills.

ملخص البحث

تُعَدُّ البيئة اللغوية مكوّناً أساسياً في اكتساب اللغات الأجنبية، ولا سيما في البيئات غير الناطقة باللغة الهدف، حيث تكون فرص استخدام اللغة خارج قاعات الدراسة محدودة. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الاحتياجات اللغوية لدى الطلبة، ثم تطوير وحدة تعليمية متكاملة بعنوان "البيئة اللغوية" لطلبة الدبلوم والبكالوريوس في جامعة الملك السيد سراج الدين الإسلامية العالمية (UniSIRAJ). وتتمثل الفئة المستهدفة في طلبة كلية الدراسات الإسلامية (FPI) وكلية القرآن والسنة (FQS). واعتمدت الدراسة منهجية البحث التصميمي والتطويري (DDR)، مستندة إلى نموذج ADDIE للتصميم التعليمي، مع التركيز على مراحل التحليل والتصميم والتطوير. وقد كشفت نتائج تحليل الاحتياجات عن وجود فجوة واضحة بين ارتفاع دافعية الطلبة نحو تعلم اللغة العربية واستخدامها، وانخفاض مستوى استخدامها الفعلي في التواصل اليومي داخل البيئة الجامعية. كما أظهرت النتائج محدودية فرص استخدام اللغة العربية خارج قاعات الدراسة، وضعف الثقة في التحدث، والخوف من الوقوع في الأخطاء، والحاجة إلى تعبيرات تواصلية عملية مرتبطة بالسياقات اليومية والأكاديمية. واستجابة لهذه النتائج، صُممت الوحدة التعليمية في ضوء فرضية المدخل اللغوي (i+1) لستيفن كراشن، ومدخل التعليم القائم على المهام (TBLT)، مع دمج مجموعة من القيم المستمدة من السنة النبوية بهدف توفير بيئة تعليمية آمنة وداعمة نفسياً. وتتكون الوحدة المطورة من أربعة محاور مترابطة، هي: البناء النفسي والاجتماعي، والتمكين الأكاديمي، والاستعداد المهني، والتطبيق الشامل داخل البيئة الجامعية. وأظهرت نتائج التحكيم التي شارك فيها خبيران متخصصان في تعليم اللغة العربية وتطوير المواد التعليمية توافقاً إيجابياً حول ملاءمة الوحدة وارتباطها بالاحتياجات الفعلية للطلبة. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أن الوحدة المطورة تمتلك إمكانات واعدة في تلبية الاحتياجات اللغوية لدى الطلبة ودعم الممارسة التواصلية باللغة العربية ضمن بيئة لغوية منظمة. وتوصي الدراسة بإجراء دراسات لاحقة لتنفيذ الوحدة وتقويم أثرها في تحسين مهارات التحدث باللغة العربية.

ELEVATING ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA THROUGH IBN KHALDUN'S THOUGHT

Mohd Mutawalli Sya’rawi Mohamad — 2026-06-30

The digital era has brought profound transformation to the educational landscape, including Islamic education, which now faces new challenges such as the erosion of values, integrity crises, and imbalance between knowledge development and moral formation. While digital technologies provide opportunities for borderless knowledge access, interactive pedagogy, and innovative learning, they also risk undermining adab and weakening disciplinary integrity. This study is grounded in Ibn Khaldun’s thought, particularly his concepts of gradual learning (tadarruj), the acquisition of skills (malakah), and the centrality of adab. The aim of this study is to formulate a conceptual framework for future-oriented Islamic education capable of withstanding the challenges of the digital era. The study employs a conceptual literature analysis approach, emphasizing the teacher’s roles as murabbi (nurturer), muallim (knowledge transmitter), muaddib (discipline and adab cultivator), mursyid (spiritual guide), and mudarris (instructor) as the foundation for integrity-based educational innovation. The analysis highlights that Ibn Khaldun’s ideas remain highly significant in strengthening strategies for Islamic education that not only respond to digitalization but also elevate integrity, competitiveness, and resilience within the Muslim community. The implications of this study are crucial for reinforcing the professional identity of teachers, cultivating students who are intellectually and ethically balanced, and guiding policymakers in shaping an Islamic education trajectory that integrates values with innovation.

Abstrak

Era digital masa kini telah membawa transformasi besar terhadap landskap pendidikan, termasuk Pendidikan Islam yang berdepan cabaran baharu seperti keterhakisan nilai, krisis integriti dan ketidakseimbangan antara pembangunan ilmu dengan pembentukan akhlak. Walaupun teknologi digital menawarkan peluang kepada capaian ilmu tanpa sempadan, pedagogi interaktif dan inovasi pembelajaran, ia juga berisiko melemahkan disiplin ilmu serta melonggarkan adab. Berdasarkan pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun, khususnya konsep pembelajaran berperingkat (tadarruj), pembentukan kemahiran (malakah) dan penekanan terhadap adab, kajian ini bertujuan merumuskan satu kerangka konseptual Pendidikan Islam masa depan yang berdaya tahan dalam menghadapi era digital. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis literatur secara konseptual dengan menekankan peranan guru sebagai murabbi, muallim, muaddib, mursyid dan mudarris sebagai teras kepada inovasi pendidikan berintegriti. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun kekal signifikan dalam memperkukuh strategi pendidikan Islam yang bukan sahaja responsif terhadap digitalisasi, malah mampu melonjakkan integriti, daya saing dan ketahanan ummah. Implikasi kajian ini penting untuk memperkukuh identiti profesional guru, membentuk pelajar yang seimbang dari segi intelek dan akhlak, serta memberi panduan kepada pembuat dasar dalam merangka hala tuju pendidikan Islam berasaskan nilai dan inovasi.

IS THE INTEGRATION OF TAHFIZ-TEVT THE ANSWER TO INDUSTRY NEEDS? A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CURRICULUM ALIGNMENT AND GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY

Nurul Nisha Mohd Shah — 2026-06-30

The integration of Islamic education and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) through the Tahfiz–TVET initiative, introduced in 2022, is widely regarded as a strategic effort to empower huffaz with relevant technical and vocational competencies. However, despite the proliferation of policies and programmes, significant gaps remain in terms of conceptual inquiry and critical analysis regarding the extent to which the Tahfiz–TVET framework effectively functions as a catalyst for enhancing the employability of tahfiz graduates within the contemporary labour market. Current studies on TVET in Malaysia consistently highlight the persistent structural issue of curriculum misalignment with industry demands, a concern that also extends to religion-based programmes. This concept paper aims to provide an in-depth examination of the Tahfiz–TVET integration as a model for developing Muslim human capital that is not only grounded in strong mastery of the Quran, but also equipped with technical and professional competencies. Drawing upon a critical analysis of recent journal articles, policy reports, and official documents, this paper explores several key dimensions, including the positioning of Tahfiz–TVET within the national TVET ecosystem, issues of curriculum-industry mismatch, the potential of an Attitude–Skills–Knowledge (ASK)-based competency framework, and its implications for the employability and social mobility of tahfiz graduates. This concept paper proposes a preliminary conceptual framework to evaluate and restructure the Tahfiz–TVET integration to be more industry-oriented without compromising Islamic identity and values, thereby opening avenues for further discourse in terms of policy, curriculum design, and practical implementation.

Abstrak

Integrasi pendidikan Islam dan TVET melalui inisiatif Tahfiz–TVET yang dilancarkan sejak 2022 dilihat sebagai langkah strategik untuk memperkasa golongan huffaz dengan kemahiran teknikal dan vokasional yang relevan. Namun, di sebalik pelbagai dasar dan program yang diperkenalkan, masih wujud kelompongan dari segi kajian konseptual dan analisis kritikal tentang sejauh mana kerangka Tahfiz–TVET ini benar‑benar berfungsi sebagai pemangkin kebolehpasaran graduan tahfiz dalam pasaran kerja moden. Kajian semasa mengenai TVET di Malaysia turut menegaskan bahawa isu ketidakselarasan kurikulum dengan keperluan industri kekal sebagai masalah struktur yang berpanjangan, termasuk dalam program berasaskan agama. Kertas konsep ini bertujuan menghuraikan secara mendalam idea integrasi Tahfiz–TVET sebagai satu model pembangunan modal insan Muslim yang bukan sahaja kuat dari segi penguasaan al-Quran, tetapi juga kompeten dari sudut kemahiran teknikal dan profesional. Berasaskan analisis kritikal ke atas artikel jurnal, laporan dasar dan dokumen rasmi terkini, kertas kerja konsep ini mengupas beberapa aspek utama iaitu kedudukan Tahfiz–TVET dalam ekosistem TVET nasional, isu ketidaksepadanan kurikulum dengan kehendak industri, potensi kerangka kompetensi berasaskan Attitude–Skills–Knowledge (ASK), serta implikasi terhadap kebolehpasaran dan mobiliti sosial graduan tahfiz. Kertas kerja konsep ini mencadangkan satu kerangka konseptual awal bagi menilai dan menstruktur semula integrasi Tahfiz–TVET agar lebih berpaksi pada industri tanpa mengorbankan identiti dan nilai Islamiah, sekali gus membuka ruang perbahasan lanjut daripada sudut polisi, kurikulum, dan amalan lapangan.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF A GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (GEN AI) INSTRUMENT FOR ARABIC LANGUAGE STUDENTS AT PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN THE KLANG VALLEY: A PILOT STUDY

Mohammad Najib Jaffar — 2026-06-30

This study examines the validity and reliability of a research instrument designed to investigate the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) among Arabic language students at public universities in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Content validity was established through evaluation by three field experts using the Kappa coefficient analysis, yielding an overall Kappa value of 0.72, indicating a good level of agreement. Subsequently, a pilot study involving 36 respondents was conducted to assess the reliability of the instrument using Cronbach’s Alpha. All constructs, namely Lacks, Necessities, and Wants, demonstrated Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.871, 0.954, and 0.957, respectively, confirming strong internal consistency. These findings confirm that the instrument is valid, reliable, and suitable for use in the main study.

SACRED EDUCATION WITHIN A SECULAR LANDSCAPE: MUSLIM EDUCATORS’ PERSPECTIVES IN CONTEMPORARY UNIVERSITIES

Anita Md Shariff — 2026-06-30

This study examines how Muslim educators in Muslim-majority universities understand and navigate the secular and sacred dimensions of contemporary higher education. Drawing on qualitative interviews with Muslim lecturers from various academic disciplines, the research explores how educators conceptualize the distinction between secular and sacred education, the ways Islamic values are integrated into teaching practices, their perceptions of the relationship between disciplinary knowledge and divine knowledge, and their views on the need for educational reform. The findings indicate that many educators struggle to articulate clear conceptual distinctions between secular and sacred educational objectives. While most participants do not perceive their subject areas as directly linked to divine knowledge, they often believe that broader ethical or spiritual connections exist. Despite working within largely secular academic structures, many educators attempt to incorporate sacred values through ethical reminders, character-building practices, and reflections on moral responsibility. Perspectives on educational reform vary, reflecting differing understandings of the role of spirituality within contemporary education systems. The study contributes to ongoing discussions on the integration of sacred values in modern Muslim higher education.